The last section of this paper will explain what industrialization in the Northern Forest reveals about both the character of late industrial capitalism in America and Moore's concept of Cheap Nature. The second explains the fuel that was used to make this industrial transition possible, namely, easily digestible, calorie-dense food along with animal fodder. The first demonstrates how woodsmen used simple machines, muscle power, water, and cold weather to increase the speed and efficiency of the labor process in the woods to reach industrial levels of production. To explain rural industrialization, I use the example of the logging industry in the American Northeast, which, for several reasons, remained relatively technologically stagnant as an industry from about 1850 to 1950, while remaining competitive in an increasingly globalized and industrialized market. Moore, who argues that the only real necessity for the development of capitalism, and perhaps even industrialization, was the separation of nature from society, mixed with a willingness on the part of society to exploit nature for the endless accumulation of capital. My findings support the recent work of Jason W. This paper argues that as rural America industrialized, the built environment and the bodies of workers and animals became parts of nature, and these natural forces were mobilized to increase the scale and efficiency of production. My research challenges whether the transition to economies based on fossil fuels was a necessary characteristic of late industrialization. Some historians conceive of late industrialization as the process whereby muscle, water, and wind power were replaced by fossil fuels as the primary motive power for production, thus increasing the efficiency and scale of economies. Massachusetts Historical Society Environmental History Seminar () This paper challenges current understandings of the development of late industrial capitalism in America. Finally, a close examination of a 1904 government study of loggers' diets demonstrates exactly how food wages created industrial bodies and allowed for unparalleled feats of work in the woods. It then shows why remuneration in food remained an important part of woods labor into the twentieth century even as other aspects of wage earning changed. This article begins with an explanation of the obstacles companies overcome to bring large quantities of food into wilderness lands. To produce wood for the mills, they ate as much as 8,000 calories, or 6 lbs. Loggers provide a excellent example of how the body coped with the stresses of industrial modernity. The process whereby food is turned into energy for work is an important place where nature and labor met, yet it has scarcely been examined by historians. The company manages more than 21 million 2. I argue that, as machines were quickening the speed of work and increasing production in America, workers had to adjust their metabolism to keep pace. One of the best Manufacturing business at 1525 Mt Olive Church Rd, Newton NC, 28658 United States. International Paper Boxes-Corrugated & Fiber Website (828) 464-3841 1525 Mount Olive Church Rd Newton, NC 28658 From Business: Incorporated in 1900, Weyerhaeuser is one of the world's largest, publicly held companies that provides forest products. ![]() Jude Place, Memphis, TN 38105-9959.This article demonstrates how massive allotments of food allowed lumber workers to fight the limitations of their bodies for the sake of industrial production. International paper is a union based job with outstanding pay and benefits but the hours a strenuous and they are mandatory. ![]() Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 501 St. In lieu of flowers the Family request memorial donation be made to: St. Interment will follow in Cedarwood Cemetery, Roanoke Rapids, NC. The Family will receive at Wrenn, Clarke & Hagan Funeral and Cremation Service, Friday, November 12, 2021, from 7:00 to 9:00 PM.įuneral Services will be held in the Chapel of Wrenn, Clarke and Hagan Funeral and Cremation Service, Saturday, November 13, 2021, at 2:00 PM, with Rev. Surviving Earl is his wife, Brenda Allen Newton, a daughter, Susan Bryant and her husband, Jamie of Emporia, VA, a son, Jesse Newton and his wife, Kristina Fitzhugh of Charlottesville, VA, a sister, Faye Johnson of Garner, NC, a brother, James Newton and his wife, Katie of Roanoke Rapids, NC, two grandchildren, Caleb Bryant and Samantha Bryant both of Emporia, VA and several nieces and nephews. Navy and retired from International Paper in Roanoke Rapids, NC. William Earl Newton, 74, of Skippers, VA, died Monday, November 8, 2021, at his residence.Įarl was born in Edgecombe County, NC, the son of the late, Jennis Dow Newton and Bessie Virginia Greene Newton.
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